阿奇博尔德·麦克利什传记

诗人的传记

阿奇博尔德·麦克利什于1892年5月7日出生在伊利诺伊州的格伦科。麦克利什首先在霍奇基斯学校接受教育，后来在耶鲁大学和哈佛大学法学院学习，在那里他是班上的第一名。虽然他的研究重点是法律，但他也在这段时间开始写诗。1916年，他与艾达·希区柯克结婚。在第一次世界大战开始时，麦克利什志愿成为一名救护车司机，后来成为野战炮兵队长。回国后，他在波士顿当律师，但发现这个职位分散了他对诗歌的注意力。1923年，在他被提升为公司合伙人的那天，他辞职了。麦克利什随后举家迁往法国，开始专注于写作。在那里，他结识了凯·博伊尔、欧内斯特·海明威和埃兹拉·庞德等作家同行。在接下来的四年里，他出版了四本诗集，包括《幸福的婚姻》(1924年)和《地球诗人》(1925年)。 In 1928 MacLeish returned to America, where he began research for his epic poem 'Conquistador' by travelling the steps and mule-ride of Cortez's army through Mexico. MacLeish won the Pulitzer Prize for his efforts in 1932. From 1930 to 1938, MacLeish worked as an editor at Fortune magazine. During that period, he wrote two radio dramas to increase patriotism and warn Americans against fascism. MacLeish also displayed increasing passion for this cause in his poems and articles. In 1939, President Franklin D. Roosevelt persuaded him to accept an appointment as Librarian of Congress, a position he kept for five years. MacLeish thoroughly reorganized the Library's administrative offices and established the Library's series of poetry readings. At the same time, MacLeish served as director of the War Department's Office of Facts and Figures and assistant director of the Office of War Information, specializing in propaganda. In 1944 he was appointed assistant Secretary of State for cultural affairs. After World War II, MacLeish became the first American member of the governing body of UNESCO, and chaired the first UNESCO conference in Paris. In 1949 Archibald Macleish retired from his political activism to become Harvard's Boylston Professor of Rhetoric and Oratory, a position he held until 1962. From 1963 to 1967 he was Simpson Lecturer at Amherst College. Macleish continued to write poetry, criticism, and stage- and screenplays, to great acclaim. His Collected Poems (1952) won him a second Pulitzer Prize, as well as the National Book Award and the Bollingen Prize. J.B. (1958), a verse play based on the book of Job, earned him a third Pulitzer, this time for drama. And in 1965 he received an Academy Award for his work on the screenplay of The Eleanor Roosevelt Story. Archibald MacLeish died in April 1982 in Boston, Massachusetts.