弗里德里希·冯·席勒传记

诗人的传记

约翰·克里斯托夫·弗里德里希·冯·席勒出生于德国符腾堡州马尔巴赫，父母是路德教徒。他的父亲约翰内斯·卡斯帕·席勒是一名军官和外科医生。他被卡尔·欧根公爵(查理二世)命令去军校，而不是学习神学。严格的纪律只会加强他对自由的渴望。席勒学习第一定律，进入当时新成立的医学系，但在1780年写了一篇关于宗教的有争议的文章《论人的动物本性和精神本性之间的关系》后，他被学院开除了。21岁时，他被迫加入父亲的军团。席勒不顾父亲的反对继续写作。他的第一部戏剧《强盗》(Die Rauber)于1781年出版，讲述了一个高贵的歹徒卡尔·摩尔(Karl Moor)的故事，他拒绝接受父亲的价值观，很快在年轻学生中获得了成功。在公爵的压力下，他写了《风暴与激浪》，逃到了符腾堡州。1783年，他在曼海姆剧院获得了一个戏剧诗人的职位，但他在1784年失去了这个职位。 The theme of the conflict between a father and son continued in Don Carlos(1787). The story was about the eldest son of Philip II of Spain, who is torn between love and court intrigues. He was inspired by Charlotte von Kalb, a married woman,who was portrayed in Don Carlos as Elizabeth of Valois. Through Goethe's influence, he was appointed professor of history at Jena. During 1787 and 1792 he wrote on historical subjects, among others the history of the Thirty Years War (1791-93). In 1790 he married Charlotte von Lengefeldt Schiller was forced to give up in 1791 his professional duties because of pneumonia and pleurisy. He continued to write and in the 1790s Schiller wrote philosophical poems and studies about philosophy and aesthetics under the influence of Kant. Horrified by the aftermath of the French Revolution he rejected Among a homage offered to him by the Jacobines and emphasized the humanistic, preserving forces of art. He assisted Goethe in Weimar in the direction of the Court Theater by adapting many plays for that stage. Schiller died on May 9, 1805, at the age of 46 in Weimar. Schiller's best-known works is An Die Freude (Ode to Joy), later set to music by Ludwig van Beethoven in his Choral Symphony The dramatic trilogy WALLENSTEIN Wallenstein(1796-99) depicted the tumultuous period of the Thirty Years War. The historical drama Maria Stuart(1800) was about Queen Elizabet I of England and the last days of Mary Queen of Scots, when she was held captive in the Castle of Fothernghay. In Wilhelm Tell (1803), about the Swiss hero of that name, Schiller paid tribute to freedom and the dignity of men living close to nature.