阿尔弗雷德·道格拉斯传记

阿尔弗雷德·道格拉斯勋爵

阿尔弗雷德·道格拉斯勋爵的照片
  • 时间1870 - 1945
  • 的地方
  • 国家英格兰

诗人的传记

今天,阿尔弗雷德·道格拉斯勋爵因其与奥斯卡·王尔德的动荡关系以及作为一名小诗人而被人们铭记。道格拉斯,俗称波西,生于1870年10月22日,是昆斯伯里第九任侯爵约翰·舒尔托·道格拉斯和西比尔·纳萨姆·蒙哥马利的第三个儿子。童年时父母离异,道格拉斯于1889年从温彻斯特升入牛津大学莫德林学院(Magdalen College)。1891年初夏,他通过一个共同的朋友认识了奥斯卡·王尔德,并于次年春天成为恋人。正如王尔德对罗伯特·罗斯(Robert Ross)所说,道格拉斯的美“就像水仙——白色和金色”。道格拉斯的大部分同性恋诗歌创作于1893年至1896年间,发表在大学生文学期刊上,比如他编辑的《灵灯》和《变色龙》,或者是《艺术家》这样的小发行量杂志上。像《身体之美赞美诗》(向雪莱致意)、十四行诗《在爱琴海港口》,以及最著名的《两种爱》,其中一首以叹息“我是那不敢说出名字的爱”结束了这首诗,都是典型的渴望语气。其中一些诗出现在1896年道格拉斯诗的法语版中,但大多数诗直到1935年的十四行诗和抒情诗才重新出版,然后,至少在前面提到的十四行诗中,同性恋的内容被修改掉了。1895年,道格拉斯的父亲指控奥斯卡·王尔德“冒充鸡奸”,于是王尔德(在波西的敦促下)以诽谤罪起诉他。在审判中,昆斯伯里被判无罪,对王尔德的逮捕令迅速发出。 His first trial resulted in a hung jury, but at the second Wilde was found guilty and sentenced to two years' hard labor. Although Douglas and Wilde remained close until the latter's death in 1900, the scandal generated a sheaf of spiteful documents. In prison, Wilde wrote a long and bitter epistle later titled De Profundis, accusing Douglas of betraying their friendship. When the full text of De Profundis was made public in 1913, Douglas responded with Oscar Wilde and Myself, repudiating Wilde and his works. Soon after Wilde's death, Douglas renounced his homosexuality; he married Olive Custance in 1902, and they had a son, Raymond. Douglas converted to Roman Catholicism in 1911, and he and his wife separated two years later. By his own account, Douglas remained celibate thereafter. From 1907 to 1910, Douglas edited the journal The Academy, assisted by the obnoxious T. W. H. Crosland, who in fact, ghost-wrote most of Oscar Wilde and Myself. Douglas revived The Academy in 1920 and 1921 as Plain English, and the journal had a mild commercial success. Editorially, however, it was nonliterary and virulently antisemitic, simply a forum for Douglas's considerable collection of bigotries. Douglas's intemperate expression of his views led to his arrest and conviction for writing and publishing a pamphlet libeling Winston Churchill. He spent six months in Wormwood Scrubs prison. There he turned again to poetry, but his prison writing, a sonnet sequence, was called In Excelsis. Douglas spent the remaining twenty-one years of his life quietly, living in Hove or Brighton on allowances provided by his mother and wife. He produced his Autobiography during this time, several versions of his collected poems, occasional verse, and in 1940, his most judicious account of his life's central experience, Oscar Wilde: A Summing Up.