托尼·哈里森传记

诗人的传记

哈里森出生在利兹，在利兹文法学校和利兹大学接受教育，在那里他学习古典文学，并获得语言学文凭。他在泰恩河畔纽卡斯尔的戈斯福斯住了几年。他大部分诗歌的素材都来自于他在工人阶级的童年回忆。他的诗歌和翻译显示出对韵律的强大驾驭和对口语的熟练适应。他最著名的作品集是《流浪者》(1970)和《口才学院》。引自Rick Rylance教授的分析，重点关注“Book Ends”和“V”，以及政治和个人分裂的主题。托尼·哈里森是当之无愧的战后独特经历的诗人。作为一个面包师的儿子，他在工人阶级的利兹长大，他的作品戏剧化地描述了他在这种生活中成长的方方面面，以及这种生活与他作为一名优秀学生(先是在利兹文法学校，然后进入大学)所进入的截然不同的文化之间的紧张关系。虽然他的诗歌往往非常个人化，但他的诗歌探索的主题代表了他那一代人通过教育增加社会流动性的经历，这是战后生活的一个特点。通常，这是以对排斥的思考的形式出现的，就像哈里森自己的家庭一样，他们的出身不允许太多的文化流动。” His best-known work is the long poem V. (1985), written during the miners' strike of 1984-85, and describing a trip to see his parents' grave in a Leeds cemetery "now littered with beer cans and vandalised by obscene graffiti". The title has several possible interpretations: victory, versus, verse etc. Proposals to screen a filmed version of V. by Channel 4 in October 1987 drew howls of outrage from the tabloid press, some broadsheet journalists, and MPs, apparently concerned about the effects its "torrents of obscene language" and "streams of four-letter filth" would have on the nation's youth. Indeed, an Early Day Motion entitled "Television Obscenity" was proposed on the 27th October 1987 by a group of Conservative MPs, who condemned Channel 4 and the Independent Broadcasting Authority. The motion was opposed by a single MP, Mr. Norman Buchan, who suggested that MPs had either failed to read or failed to understand (V.). The broadcast went ahead, and the brouhaha settled quickly after enough column inches had been written about the broadcast and reaction to the broadcast. Gerald Howarth said that Harrison was "Probably another bolshie poet wishing to impose his frustrations on the rest of us". When told of this, Harrison retorted that Howarth was "Probably another idiot MP wishing to impose his intellectual limitations on the rest of us". His adaption, The Mysteries, of the English Medieval Mystery plays, based on the York and Wakefield Mystery cycles, were first performed at the Royal National Theatre in 1985; in a promenade production in the Cottesloe Theatre. They were revived the following year, in the much larger space of the Lyceum Ballroom. In 1998, he wrote and directed a film, Prometheus, based on his poem of the same name, which links the myth of Prometheus - chained on a rock to have his liver eaten by the vulture Ethon as a punishment for the theft of fire - with the enchainment of workers in the Promethian industries - the closed coal mines of Yorkshire; the present day effects of heavy industry in Copsa Mica in Romania; to the gas ovens of Auschwitz, to Dresden and to Bomber Harris. The film involved driving a thirty foot golden statue of Prometheus from the industrial north of England to Greece, via Germany and a number of eastern European countries. His translation of Hecuba (2005), which emphasised the relevance of Euripides' drama to the Iraq War, was poorly received. His play Fram debuted in 2008 at the Royal National Theatre in London.